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The culture of Afghanistan has been around for over two millennia, tracing record to at least the time of the Achaemenid Empire in 500 BCE. Afghanistan translates to ''"Land of the Afghans"'' or ''"Place of Afghans"'' in the nation's official languages, Pashto and Dari.〔 It is mostly a tribal and rural society with different regions of the country having their own native language. Despite some differences, majority of the Afghans live by the same tradition and behave the same. For example, nearly all Afghans follow Islamic traditions, celebrate the same holidays, dress the same, consume the same food, listen to the same music and are usually multi-lingual. In the southern and eastern region, as well as western Pakistan which was historically part of Afghanistan, the Pashtun people live according to the Pashtun culture by following Pashtunwali (way of the Pashtuns).〔US Library of Congress: Afghanistan - (Ethnic Groups (''Pashtun'') )〕 The western, northern, and central regions of Afghanistan are influenced by neighboring Central Asian and Persian cultures. Some of the non-Pashtuns who live in close proximity with Pashtuns have adopted Pashtunwali in a process called Pashtunization (or ''Afghanization'') while some Pashtuns and others became Persianized. == Art and music == Local art has spanned many centuries. The world's oldest oil painting was found in Afghanistan. One of the most famous kinds is the Gandhara art between the 1st and 7th century based on Greco-Buddhist art. Kamaleddin Behzad was a famous artist from Herat during the late Timurid and early Safavid periods. Since the 1900s, the nation began to use Western techniques in art. Abdul Ghafoor Breshna was a prominent Afghan painter and sketch artist from Kabul during the 20th century. He made many paintings and skteches but most were lost or destroyed during the decades of. Afghanistan's art was originally almost entirely done by men, but recently women are entering the arts programs at Kabul University. Art is largely centered at the National Museum of Afghanistan, the National Gallery of Afghanistan and the National Archives of Afghanistan in Kabul. There are a number of art schools in the country. The Center for Contemporary Arts Afghanistan (CCAA) in Kabul provides young people to learn contemporary paintings. Traditionally, only women have been involved in theater acting. Recently, in theater arts, women have begun to take center stage.〔(The Christian Science Monitor: Risky revival of Afghan theater puts women center stage )〕 Other known forms of art in the country are music, poetry, and several sports. The art of making carpets has been prominent for centuries. Afghanistan is known for making beautiful oriental rugs. The Afghan carpet has certain prints that make them unique to Afghanistan. Since the 1980s, the nation has witnessed several wars so music has been suppressed and recording for outsiders minimal. During the 1990s, the Taliban government banned instrumental music and much public music-making. Many musicians and singers continued to play their trade in the cities of other countries. Pakistani cities such as Peshawar, Karachi and Islamabad are important centers for the distribution of Afghan music. Kabul has long been the regional cultural capital, but outsiders have tended to focus on the cities of Herat and Mazar-i-Sharif with its ''Qataghaani'' style. Lyrics across the country are typically in both Dari (Afghan Persian) and Pashto. Hindi songs from Bollywood films are also very popular in Afghanistan.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=It's Bollywood all the way in Afghanistan )〕 Afghans enjoy music by playing many types of instruments. They also enjoy performing the Attan, which is considered the national dance of Afghanistan. What is typically heard in the country are folk songs or ballads. Many of the songs are known by almost everyone and have been around for many years. The main traditional Afghan music instruments includes: * Mini Harmonium * Santur * Chang - like a harmonica * Rubab - 6 stringed instrument * Tabla - Small drums * Sitar * Zurna * Flute * Dayereh * Tanbur〔http://www.afghanistan-culture.com/afghanistan-music.html〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Culture of Afghanistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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